The town of Scarlino is in the province of Grosseto and has a population of about 3,120 inhabitants. Its territory faces the sea and is rich in beautiful beaches and reefs such as Cala Violina and Cala Martina. Moreover, archaeological finds such as the Etruscan graves in Val Molina and the Roman Villa of Puntone can be seen here. The castle, too, is worth being visited.

The first document about Scarlino is a conveyance dating to 973 signed by the marquis Lamberto, the son of Ildebrando degli Aldobrandeschi. After the year 1000, Scarlino was already a castle, but the information on who owned it is not clear. The countess Matilde di Toscana ceded part of it to a man called Ranieri who gave it to the bishopric of Roselle in 1108.
The uncertainty also regards the year 1162. Even if at that time Scarlino was a dominion of the Republic of Pisa, two years later the emperor Frederick Barbarossa ceded it as a privilege to the counts Alberti di Mangona. They imposed their presence here until 1233, when the castle became part again of the properties of the Aldobrandeschi, its former owners. In 1240, Scarlino became a free city-state.
At the half of the XIII century, the fights between the Lombard-born family and the Sienese republic started and they ended in 1278 with Ildebrandino il Rosso giving the town to Pisa. The latter governed Scarlino despite the continuous tries of the Aldobrandeschi of Santa Fiora to prevail until the Appiani included the in the Dukedom of Piombino after ceding Pisa to the Tuscan Grand Duchy.
Following the fate of Piobino, Scarlino became part of the Grand Duchy only after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 which settled the end of the previous Napoleonic seigniory of Elisa Baciocchi dating to the beginning of the XIX century. With the rule of Leopoldo II of Lorraine the first reclamations were carried out, to the extent that chroniclers had been telling about the remarkable improvement of the area since the first half of the XIX century. Scarlino was later incorporated in the Kingdom of Italy in 1860. The town was the centre of an important Partisan nucleus called "il gruppo di Tirli" during the during World War II.