The town of San Romano in Garfagnana is in the province of Lucca at 555 metres of altitude and it has a population of about 1,500 inhabitants. The Fortezza delle Verrucole, the church of San Martino in Sillicagnana and the sanctuary of the Madonna del Bosco can be admired inside the town.

The territory of San Romano is rich in archaeological finds that allowed to determine the origins of the first geographically stable human settlements created by the Liguri Apuani and by the Romans, namely ancient populations that fought for the control of the valleys and mountains in the Lunigiana. During the first Barbarian invasions it went through a strong depopulation but its population later increased with the arrival of the Lombards.
In the Middle Ages, the current town was divided into and protected by two different seigniories. The Gherardinghi, of Lombard origins, ruled the northern part of the town and lived in the imposing Fortezza dellle Verrucole, a building destined to become the development centre of the area. The Counts of Bacciano governed the southern part of San Romano. Unfortunately, their castle was destroyed in the XV century.
Around the XV century, the Florentines, who demolished the fortress of the Bacciano, took control of the area. Later, the town experienced a short period of autonomy and then passed under the supremacy of Lucca. The long and violent battles between the two cities to establish their power on the territory ended with the Estensi, a dynasty coming from the Emilia region who governed the Dukedom of Modena and who definitively consolidated their presence in San Romano in 1446.
The town's fate strictly depended upon the Emilia region, with which San Romano experienced the time of the French invasions, led by Napoleon at the end of the XVIII century, and the Risorgimento. At the end of the long fights for the Unity of Italy, the French-Piedmontese troops conquered and destroyed the Dukedom. All its territories entered the Kingdom of Italy in 1859 and, after the organization of the provinces, San Romano was included in the province of Lucca.