Palazzuolo sul Senio is submerged in the green heart of the "Romagna Toscana" an it is in the province of Florence at 437 m. a.s.l. with a population of about 1,300 inhabitants. The Craft and Rural Civilization Museum and the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Neve di Quataldo can be visited in this town lying on the banks of the Senio river.

The territory of Palazzuolo was a land of passage since the Early Palaeolithic round the 12,000 and the 10,000 b.C. According to some reconstructions, from that time on, seasonal camps and bivouacs were established along the hunting routes with a certain frequency in the upper valley of the Sieve. The settlements dating to the Copper Age from 3,000 to 1,800 b.C., before the Etruscan Age, seem to have been stabler. It seems that most of the ancient settlements date to the V-IV century b.C., even if the local place names that certainly derives from Latin leads to suppose a strong Roman presence in the following centuries.
In the Middle Ages, too, the valley of the Senio was very populated as it can be inferred from the finding of a "crypt" under the Parish of San Giovanni Decollato di Misileo that dated to before the same structure. It was the X and the XI centuries and the Pagani family that was very famous during the Tuscan Middle Ages dominated the area. Dante's Divine Comedy cited Maghinardo Pagani, an illustrious member of that family, twice.
After a period of domination by the seigniory of the Ubaldini in 1362, all the territories of the Sieve fell in the hands of the Florentine Republic. 1373 was a year full of historic events for Palazzuolo that at the time was a flourishing commercial village and a Vicariate. In effect, just when the construction of the Vicar's Palace started, Maghinardo degli Ubaldini, Palazzuolo's former owner, started a revolt against the Republic. He sheltered in the castle of the Frassino and was captured and killed by the Florentines.
In the XV century, Palazzuolo issued its own statutes that are still kept today to commemorate the glorious age of the free city-states. Around the XV century, Palazzuolo and Firenzuola became the original nucleus of the "Romagna Toscana", a territorial extension that stretched until Forlė, approximately, until 1929, when a new territorial organization reduced its borders up to the valleys of the Alto Mugello.
Later on, the town became a Captainship, after the Medici took the power in Florence. The town kept this status until 1772, when it ranked back to the condition of a of town hall. The town further lost its political prestige with the arrival of the Lorraine. In effect, in 1837, the Grand Duke Leopoldo put Palazzuolo and its territories within the jurisdiction of the Vicariate of Marradi. In the XIX century, Palazzulo was also a safe refuge for Garibaldi when he escaped from Rome after the events linked to fall of the Roman republic.
In the Second World War, the whole valley of the Senio went through the dark chapter of its history because of its geographical position. In effect, the famous "Gothic line" crossed Palazzuolo, which was also a bordering land between the Italian lands that had been freed from the Nazi-Fascists and those that had not yet. Once the fights stopped, most of the impoverished rural population of the Senio moved to the big industrial centres in Tuscany and the regions of Emilia and Romagna looking for work.