The town of Marliana is in the province of Pistoia at an altitude of 496 m. a.s.l. and it has a population of about 3,000 inhabitants. The churches of San Niccolò, of Sant'Antonio Abate and the medieval castle can be visited here.

The archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Casore have shown the presence of man in the territory of Marliana since the III century B.C. at least, but it is reasonable to think that the area was inhabited since Prehistory and that later the Liguri and the Romans settled it. Four Roman coins inside Casore's grave have been found and this was quite an accidental discovery in 1930. Moreover, it is thought that Hannibal, who was heading to Rome with his army, used the ancient way that passes by the centre and leads to the mountain passes.
With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Marliana transformed itself into one of the defensive bulwarks of the Byzantines to face the Barbarian invasions that menaced to cut the connections with the Exarchate of Ravenna and Rome. At the time of the city-states, Pistoia established its presence in the area that became one of its military garrisons along the borders with Lucca. The castle underwent numerous attacks such as the one of 1177 when Montecatini devastated it. In 1319, the lord from Lucca Castruccio Castracani occupied the fortress, but Pistoia later conquered it.
Since the XV century, Florence settled its presence in Pistoia and it annexed Marliana and all its territories. It was thanks to the Republic, that later became the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, that its territory finally experienced a period of peace and political stability that only Napoleon's occupation at the beginning of the XIX century could stop. In the XIX century, the phenomenon of depopulation of the countryside towns transformed this centre into a famous holiday place.