Marciano della Chiana, which is a hilly area in the Val di Chiana, is in the province of Arezzo at 320 m. a.s.l. of altitude and it has a population of more than 2,500 inhabitants. The Temple of San Vittoria and the castle of Marciano, an ancient military fortress, can be visited in the town.

Since the most ancient times, the area of Marciano assumed a noteworthy importance both as an excellent farming area and as a strategic point. A rich series of archaeological finds have demonstrated the Etruscan presence here around the IV century b.C.
One of them, the wonderful "Torso di Marciano" exposed in the Archaeological Museum of Arezzo shows the hegemony that Chiusi exercised in the territory of Marciano in the Etruscan times. In the Roman times, two renowned families divided the territory into "fundus Marcianus" and "fundus Rasinianus". The town inherited its toponym from the first family, while the second one introduced the manufacture of the "coral vases".
Goths and Lombards, instead, started the fortifications of the town. The presence of Marciano was documented around the year 1000. It was part of the properties of the Abbey of San Quirico alle Rose that was strictly connected to the bishopric of Arezzo. In the meantime, also the ancient parish of San Pietro in Agello that was later transformed into a farm-house was raised and it remains can still be seen in the structure of the building.
In the XII century, Marciano, which was a free city-state already, was set under the direct authority of Arezzo and of its powerful bishopric. It provided for the building of huge defence works with walls, towers and a new keep. The dominion of the Curia of Arezzo eclipsed at the end of the XIV century and Siena, first, and Florence, later in 1384, substituted it. The Republic of Florence included Marciano in the "comunitas" of Foiano in 1417.
In 1439, the band of Bernardino da Siena assaulted the stronghold of Marciano, but it resisted. In 1554, the famous Battle of Marciano occurred, during which Florence definitively defeated the Sienese and obtained the dominion of the village and of the other areas of the countryside of Arezzo which were much yearned by Siena itself. Marciano remained loyal to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany during the Napoleonic occupation in 1799, but it actively participated to the Risorgimento uprisings that gave life to the Kingdom of Italy.