The small town of Fauglia, set in the lower hills of Pisa with 3000 inhabitants, boasts suggestive landscape views. The recently discovered deposits of corn can be found in Piazza Mercato, while the church of San Lorenzo and the Palazzo del Comune can be admired in the town's centre.

The first built-up area of the town rose in the Middle Ages near a small castle where there are a cemetery and a sports-ground today. The first information dates to the XI century when the castle was put under the seigniory of the Favulia, from which it inherited its name. Yet, there are evidences that attribute its toponym to the Lombard term "faulae". After it fell under the control of Pisa, Gabriello della Gherardesca established its power here. He got possession of the territory after he triggered an anti-Republican uprising in 1345. In 1406, the town, that had been besieged and destroyed, fell in Florence's hands.
There are not many remains of the ancient castle because, after a rising in 1431, this little town was conquered again and its walls were destroyed to shelter it from new attempts for independence. Since 1433 the town started to assume its current appearance, even though most of the buildings that are visible today rose between the XVII and the XIX centuries, namely at the economic apex of the town that was controlled by the Captainship of Livorno at the time.
At the beginning of the XIX century, the territory of Fauglia also included the modern towns of Crespina and Collesalvetti. The latter detached from Fauglia in 1808, during the Napoleonic occupation that gave life to the ephemeral Kingdom of Etruria, while Crespina became autonomous in 1902.
After the XIX century, a huge earthquake damaged the church of San Lorenzo of medieval origins that was restructured in the XVIII century. After 1846, the year of the earthquake, this sacred building was rebuilt and restored with its classicist façade.
In 1856, also the church of Santa Lucia in Luciana, of medieval origins, too, was restored. Fortunately, the earthquake did not damage either its frescoed apse or its XVIII-century high altar in polychrome marble.
Fauglia has always practised agriculture (it produces some excellent AOC wines still today) and in the XX century it experienced a phase of intense industrial development in the wood and textile fields. It also has a flourishing building activity.