The town of Castiglion Fibocchi rises along the ancient Roman track called Via Clodia or Cassia Vetus. It is in the province of Arezzo at 300 m. a.s.l. of altitude and it has a population of about 2,000 inhabitants. The church of San Quirico can be admired in the town.

The territory of Castiglion Fibocchi was already inhabited in the Roman times around the I century b.C., probably because it was near one of the roads the Romans had built to cross Tuscany. It was an outpost of the ancient empire and became a feud of the counts Guidi who raised a fortress here to garrison the ancient road, now an important junction between Valdarno and Casentino.
In the XIII century, the importance of the new village was testified by the celebration of baptism inside the new parish of San Pietro a Pozzano, which today makes part of the municipal graveyard. In the same period, the Pazzi, a powerful feudatory family of the Valdarno, established their presence in the area. One member of this lineage, Ottaviano called "Bocco" gave life to the name of the village: "Castiglion de' figli di Bocco", today shortened in "Castiglion Fibocchi".
Numerous imperial certificates have been found (the one of Henry VI of 1191 and the one of Frederick II in 1220 being the most important) that show the Pazzi benefited from the territory thanks to the concession of the German emperors. Beyond any doubt, this led researchers to include Castiglion Fibocchi in the list of the Ghibelline towns, namely the ones that supported the emperor, at the time of the fights between the Empire and the Pope, who was supported by the Guelfs. In 1384, the last owner of the village submitted to Siena in the hope to defend from the Florentine Guelfs.
Yet, in the same year, the castle was already in the hands of the Florentines. Castiglion Fibocchi was incorporated to the town hall of Laterina in the following year, while justice was administered by the vicariate of Anghiari. At the time of the Grand Duchy, the town became part of a feud which was a Marquisate the Medici had ceded to Alessandro del Borro. With the reforms of Leopoldo of Lorraine at the end of the XVIII century, feudalism was suppressed and the "comunitas" of the two "Comuni distrettuali of Laterina", namely Castiglion Fibocchi and Gello Biscardo. As such, the town entered the Kingdom of Italy and definitively obtained its municipal status in 1866.