The town of Arcidosso is in the province of Grosseto and it has a millennium-old history testified by the castle Aldobrandesco built before the year 1000. It rises at 679 m of altitude and has a population of about 4000 inhabitants.

The village of Arcidosso had already been quoted in the acts regarding the properties of the Abbey of San Salvatore in 860. Soon, the feudal dynasty of the Aldobrandeschi established its power on this territory because the Teutonic emperor Otto I conceded it to them as a privilege in 964. Later, this family consolidated its power in all the towns of the mountain of Grosseto.
The Aldobrandeschi built the fortress of Arcidosso and they probably started the works in the X century, but the building was documented only since 1121. The noble feudatories had to fight long battles against the Abbey of San Salvatore, the Republic of Siena and, sometimes, its very inhabitants to obtain the castle. In effect, the village of Arcidosso had already been developed by 1188 and there were the churches of San Niccolo, San Leonardo and Sant'Andrea.
After a long siege by Guido Riccio da Fogliano, the castle definitively fell under the Sienese in 1331.
The community of Arcidosso, therefore, was included inside the political and social tissue of the republic of Siena until 1559, the year of its annexation to the Tuscan Grand Duchy. With the Medici and the re-establishment of peace in Grosseto, the castle's military functions disappeared.
Thus, the fortress was used as an administrative base and housed the vicariate and the seat of a captain of the justice. With the territorial reorganization wanted by Pietro Leopoldo of Lorraine in 1776, Arcidosso also became the seat of a town hall.